MSI (RC, BrCa, UCEC and GC)
Microsatellite instability (MSI) refers to the instability caused byDNA Insertion or deletion of mutations during replicationMS The phenomenon of changes in sequence length is often caused by functional defects in mismatch repair (MMR). Located in the coding areaMSI Causing frameshift mutations can trigger the inactivation of related gene functions. Due to the large number of microsatellites and their widespread distribution throughout the genome, the instability of microsatellites located on multiple genes can lead to functional abnormalities of multiple genes in multiple signaling pathways related to tumors, resulting in MSI-H The occurrence and development of tumors.
MSI-H It was first discovered in hereditary colorectal cancer, but later research has found thatMSI-H Tumors occur in multiple locations, with the most common sites being the colon, breast, endometrium, and stomach. MSI Tested by 4 Significant clinical utility: Assisting in the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome, predicting its prognosis, predicting the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy, and guiding the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Targeted therapeutic drugs：
Pembrolizumab is a type of monoclonal antibodyPD-1 Monoclonal antibodiesFDA Approved for treatmentMSI（ Solid tumors with high microsatellite instability.
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