N代表淋巴結。淋巴結是淋巴系統的一部分，有助於抵抗感染。癌症的分期也會視乎癌細胞是否已擴散至淋巴結來判斷。

即腫瘤的大小和位置、在原發部位上的生長深度以及是否已入侵至鄰近的器官或組織。T可分為0至4期，分期按照其發展程度而定 (0期屬最早期，4期屬最晚期) 。不同類型的癌症各自有更詳細的描述。

M = 遠端轉移 (Metastasis, M)

M代表遠端轉移，即癌症已擴散至身體遠端部位。如癌症屬於M0，即表示癌症尚未擴散至身體的遠端部位。如癌症屬於M1，則表示癌症已擴散至身體的遠端器官。

Cancer Type

What is cancer- Cancer

Q: T = 腫瘤 (Tumour)

N代表淋巴結。淋巴結是淋巴系統的一部分，有助於抵抗感染。癌症的分期也會視乎癌細胞是否 已 擴散至淋巴結來判斷。

The human body is composed of billions of cells. Normal cells will divide and reproduce in an orderly manner. However, once cells lose control of their growth and reproduction, they can form a lump, also known as a tumor. Tumors can be classified as benign or malignant.

Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body and usually do not threaten the patient's life. When benign tumors grow too large and pressure adjacent tissues, they may affect the normal functioning of the body and require treatment.

Malignant tumors, commonly known as "cancer," not only invade and destroy surrounding tissues but can also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. If left untreated, they can threaten a patient's life.

Cancer can develop in various parts of the body. When a primary tumor spreads from its original site of growth to other organs, it forms a secondary tumor, also known as a metastatic tumor. For example, when cancer cells from colorectal cancer metastasize to the lungs, it is medically referred to as "metastatic colorectal cancer" rather than "lung cancer," and the treatment still involves the drugs used for the primary tumor (i.e., colorectal cancer).

According to the latest data from the Hong Kong Cancer Data Statistics Center, in 2018, there were 34,028 new cancer cases in Hong Kong, and it is projected that the annual number of new cancer cases will exceed 40,000 by 2030. As cancer cases continue to rise, it is crucial to learn more about screening and treatment options for cancer.

Staging of cancer- Staging

Cancer staging is based on the number, location, whether the tumor has spread to other parts of the body, and the extent of spread.

Solid tumors, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, are typically staged using the TNM system to define the number of stages of the tumor (including stages 0 to 4). The staging methods for blood tumors, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or bone marrow tumors, are different.

Accurate cancer staging is very important. In addition to helping doctors develop appropriate treatment plans for patients, it also helps predict the success rate of treatment, the development of the disease, and the survival rate of patients.

The TNM staging system consists of three categories:

T=tumor

N represents lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are a part of the lymphatic system that helps resist infections. The staging of cancer also depends onalreadywhether cancer cells have spread to lymph nodes.

N=lymph nodes

That is, the size and location of the tumor, the depth of growth at the primary site, and whether it has invaded adjacent organs or tissues. T can be divided into stages 0 to 4, depending on its degree of development (stage 0 is the earliest, stage 4 is the latest). Each type of cancer has a more detailed description.

M=Remote metastasis (M)

M represents distant metastasis, which means the cancer has spread to a distant part of the body. If the cancer belongs to M0, it means that the cancer has not yet spread to the distal part of the body. If the cancer belongs to M1, it indicates that the cancer has spread to distant organs in the body.